Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 61

Contextual analysis - Essay Example It might be troublesome tocontrol the representatives in the organization if the enrollment specialists neglect to consider the interests of the organization in their enlistment work out. As a staffing proficient in the HR office, it is critical to speak to the organization’s intrigue. It ought to be noticed that every association has its own way of life and this decides factors, for example, conduct of workers, their presentation just as essential qualities that depict the association. Fundamentally, â€Å"organizational culture alludes to an arrangement of shared importance held by the individuals that recognizes the association from other organizations,† (Robbins, 1993, p. 602). In an offer to accomplish its set objectives and goals, it very well may be seen that there are sure key qualities that the association esteems. These shape its way of life and they become dug in it its tasks. The other point of speaking to the organization’s interests while recruiting representatives is that it encourages the HR staff to ensure that the perfect individuals are employed. The staffing officials are in a situation to survey the skills of the up-and-comer and find out on the off chance that they will be good with the organization’s culture and hard working attitude. Every association has its own objectives and destinations and there are various techniques that can be actualized so as to accomplish these. Nonetheless, this must be conceivable if the association has an unmistakably sketched out culture that shapes the conduct of the individuals inside the organization. There are sure qualities that are required to be trailed by every individual in the association and these ought to be spoken to from the beginning through the enlistment and area process. The other importance of perceiving authoritative culture is the component of gathering accentuation. This alludes to how much work exercises are sorted out around bunches instead of people (Robbins, 1993). This clarifies why it is critical to speak to the interests of the association. Gathering union is

Cajun History, Language, Music, Cuisine, and Culture

Cajun History, Language, Music, Cuisine, and Culture Cajuns are a gathering of individuals generally dwelling in southern Louisiana, a district rich with the historical backdrop of a few societies. Plunged from the Acadians, French pilgrims from Atlantic Canada, today they commend an assorted and lively culture not at all like some other. Cajun History In 1754, France did battle with Great Britain in North America over rewarding angling and hide catching endeavors, a contention known as the Seven Years War. This contention finished tragically for the French with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. France had to surrender their privileges to their provinces in North America as a term of that bargain. During the war the Acadians were ousted from the land theyd involved for longer than a century, a procedure known as the Great Disturbance. The ousted Acadians resettled in numerous areas including the British North American settlements, France, England, the Caribbean and for exactly, a Spanish province known as Louisiana. Settlement of Cajun Country in Louisiana The new pioneers started developing the land for farming and angled the Gulf of Mexico and encompassing inlets. They explored the Mississippi River. Individuals from different societies including the Spanish, Canary Islanders, Native Americans, relatives of African slaves and French Creoles from the Caribbean settled in Louisiana also during this equivalent timespan. Individuals from these various societies interfaced with one another throughout the years and framed the cutting edge Cajun culture. The word â€Å"Cajun† itself is an a development of the word â€Å"Acadian,† in the French-based creole language that turned out to be generally spoken among the pilgrims around there. France obtained Louisiana from Spain in 1800, just to offer the territory to the United States of America three years after the fact in the Louisiana Purchase. The region settled by the Acadians and different societies got known as the Territory of Orleans. American pilgrims filled the Territory before long, anxious to bring in cash. The Cajuns sold the prolific land along the Mississippi River and pushed westbound, to present day south-focal Louisiana, where they could settle the land for no expense. There, they cleared land for field nibbling and started developing yields, for example, cotton and rice. This zone is known as Acadiana because of the impact from Cajun culture. Cajun Culture and Language Therefore Cajun French got spoken less and almost ceased to exist by and large during the mid-twentieth century. Associations, for example, the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana gave their endeavors to give intends to Louisianans of all societies to learn French. In 2000, the Council revealed 198,784 Francophones in Louisiana, a large number of whom speak Cajun French. Numerous speakers statewide communicate in English as their essential language however utilize French at home. Cajun Cuisine Cajun Music With expanded introduction to different societies through Internet-based media Cajun culture keeps on staying well known and, in actuality, will keep on flourishing.

How to Spot Money-Laundering and Reshipping Scams

How to Spot Money-Laundering and Reshipping Scams Are money-laundering and reshipping scams only tied to big corporations?How come most scams come to you by people abroad who reach you through e-mail or social media?With so many possibilities and offers we can find on the internet, how to know which one is reliable and which one isnt?Nowadays, people are aware of e-mail scamming and think twice before responding to an e-mail where a Nigerian prince who is a relative of theirs passed away and left them money.Still, scams are evolving and can be found not only through social media, but through employment boards as well.In this article, we will tackle this taboo subject and cover everything you need to know in order to not get caught up in money-laundering and reshipping scams.Weve covered everything from explaining how these scams work, to how to spot and avoid them.Hope you enjoy reading!WHAT IS A SCAM?Internet jobs are the most convenient ways for criminals to move their stolen goods or money. Individuals willing to work and make mo ney unwillingly partake in illegal activities.Most job seekers are already familiar with that they can become accomplices or victims to a scam if they are not careful when looking for work online.Scams can often come as an e-mail, which is a lot of times grammatically incorrect. Although, scam e-mails can teach us a lot about sales.These e-mails state that the employer has seen your resume somewhere and that they are offering you a position in their company. Spoofing is also a well-known way of e-mail scamming.A WORD ABOUT SPOOFINGSpoofing is forging an e-mail header so that the e-mail appears as if its coming from someone or somewhere official.The point is not to show the real source of the e-mail, because of its, probable ambiguity.People open e-mails more when they think they came from an official source. The goal of spoofing is just that to get people to open the e-mail and to respond to it.Most spoofing e-mails are easily detected and can just be deleted. Some, however, can be serious security risks.An e-mail can supposedly be from a website you use, and it can ask you for sensitive information. It may ask you for your credit card number, password and other information you dont share.Another serious security risk is when the e-mail contains links to malware and viruses which are installed on your computer when clicked on.Spoofing is a way of executing phishing attacks and is often used not only to get sensitive information out of you and install viruses on your device but also for identity thefts and image tarnishing.WHAT IS A MONEY-LAUNDERING SCAM?Requiring someone to do a transaction in someone elses name and with illegally obtained money and promising them something in return, while actually stealing that money is an act called money laundering.Promises can, other than money, be about new job offers, or about some prizes you have won, and even about free trips you are awarded.This act is called money laundering because youve basically washed illegally acquired money into now clean, legal money.This concept is very popular in the criminal world and in corruptive individuals or institutions.With the evolution of the internet, unfortunately, this type of scam evolved as well. More often than not, these types of scams rely on the internet.Scammers rely on gullible people to answer a false job offer of using their personal bank accounts to transfer stolen money to the scammer.Usually, the individual who agrees to carry out the job gets to keep a part of the total sum as compensation for their work.However, when the right authorities find out about the act, they take away all the money. In addition, extra charges for participating in criminal activity will happen.This seems like an easy way to make money, however, even if we take away the fact that it is not legal, long-term its not sustainable. You dont want to be looking around always wondering if someone will find out, do you?Keep in mind that if you didnt ask questions about the j ob being legit or not, you could end up with financial penalties or even going to jail.Lets keep in mind that banks also have access to your account and can notice if you suddenly have an abnormal amount of cash flowing through your bank account.Money-launderers often create job openings for people from a specific nation. They then ask the candidates to transfer money or process payments in their name, stating that they cant do so themselves because they are not from that nation.Communication then continues and its quality can vary. Weve witnessed fraud e-mail which is very proficiently written, but more often than not they have noticeable grammar mistakes.Scammers dont take long to respond and dont organize a selection process.If you are immediately accepted for a job, without a selection process and you are told that you are the perfect candidate. If you find yourself in a situation like this, know that this is a red flag. WHAT IS A RESHIPPING SCAM?Similar to money-laundering, res hipping scams are based on manipulating individuals to partake in a crime or commit a new one entirely.The range of crimes that can be committed is very vast: from repackaging stolen merchandise, electronics, drugs, guns, stolen money and worse things we wont even mention.This type of scam is also well-known as postal forwarding. This is how they work:An individual accepts a package that the scammer has sent.He repackages it and reships it back to them.He pays the shipping charges.The scammer pays with fake money, usually its a fake paycheck but nowadays Bitcoin is also popular.After the paycheck bounces, the people whove executed the deed can be charged for shipping or even for the price of goods which were bought online with someone elses money.The victim handled the stolen goods and thus committed an illegal act.All the victim did is follow the instructions, but as we can see, blindly following instructions will just lead to being exploited by someone.Since the victims are domest ic and the easily traceable parts of the scam.This type of work-at-home deals happen when for example, a cybercriminal acquires someones credit card information.With that, he or she will buy different goods which will be repackaged and reshipped back to them.Usually, the goods are then sold on the black market. Money acquired like this can further be laundered. MONEY LAUNDERING TECHNIQUESMoney-laundering first introduces the money into the financial system.After that, the money is moved around to create distance between the criminals and itself. In the end, the money is brought back to the criminals as legitimate money.Because the amount of money laundered is usually outstanding, one way to do it is to break it into smaller transactions and spread to different accounts. Across borders, money can be laundered through wire transfers or currency exchange.It is also popular to get the victims to invest in gold or other goods which can be transported around easier than money. Investing i n real estate or creating companies is a neat way of hiding from the government your extra income.Being under the radar is necessary to pull out a scam like this.With new anonymous ways of doing online payments or using virtual currencies like Bitcoin or Ethereum, it is almost impossible to trace illegal money. Using proxy servers to change the IP address leaves no trace and can be a way to a perfect crime.Online auctions, gambling websites and even gaming websites can be used to launder money.For example, if a gaming website has its own currency and the stolen money can be converted into it, when converted back it will come up as clean money.Laws on money-laundering are slow to catch up since they rely mostly on traditional banks and institutions. Cybercriminals want to remain undetected and change their approach often be it online gaming websites, block chain or auctions and sales.RESHIPPING TECHNIQUESThe criminal can be located anywhere in the world and can find a victim anywher e online. The criminal committed identity theft and cant use that identity to make purchases, else he or she is at risk of being discovered by authorities.So, the criminal relies on the victim to receive the goods at their address and reship them to them. Almost never do the criminal and the victim actually meet in person.The scam is done through the internet by offering work-at-home, charity scams, flirting and so on. The victim receives instructions on how, when and where to receive the package and where the criminal wants them to be sent afterward.HOW DO MERCHANTS PREVENT THIS?Reshipping scams are a big threat to companies who ship worldwide. FedEx, UPS, DHL and many others need to constantly be on the look-out of being dragged into illegal activities with reshipping.When we sign a package upon receiving it, we helped prevent reshipping scams. This is a measure created by these companies to reduce the probability of such scams.Other precautions have also been taken. Merchants can refuse to ship to a customer that enters different billing and shipping addresses.To check what happened, they call the customer or try to draw a connection between two people on their own.When the merchant establishes how the two people know each other, then it is safe to assume that the shipment is not a scam.How can merchants establish a connection between the buyer and the recipient? Well, for example, they can use social media. Facebook and Twitter come in handy in these scenarios.If he doesnt find a public connection there it means that he needs to dig deeper.The more advanced merchants can track IP addresses and compare shopping behaviors, but not all merchants are on this level yet.HOW TO SPOT THESE SCAMS?The question is how to notice a fake from a real job offer in a place called the internet.Many offers are out there and if you want to avoid getting caught in illegal activities you need to be very careful.There are some red signs you should be on the lookout:Solicitation of money If your potential new employer is asking you to pay something in advance, the offer is not trustworthy. A lot of times you are required to send something to him a CV, a recommendation letter, a task that he assigned to you but you will never be asked to pay something upfront. If you do get asked, dont do it and end all communication with him/them.E-mail address is not from company domain Employers usually contact through official company e-mail address which has their own domain. If the employers address is Gmail, Hotmail or Yahoo, that may be a red flag. All serious companies and institutions nowadays have their own e-mail domain so you know that their representatives are official.The job seems too easy The majority of work offers which can be done from home are not real. If the job description is a one and done act and it seems to simple to be worth that much money, it is probably a scam.The bar is set too low If your qualifications arent specified and you are not in terviewed or asked about your experience, strengths, weaknesses, wants and wishes, the other side is probably looking for just any accomplice they can find. Often times they will talk to you like you are their perfect candidate. You can ask them questions to check legitimacy. For example, what do they like about you so much or how do they see your contribution to the company?Lack of company information After every offer be sure to research the company online. Visit their company website, look for reviews and experiences. Does the offer match with what you can find about the company online? Is the e-mail they contacted you with the same as the one on the website? If the information is lacking then its best to quit pursuing that company further.Suspicious location Are you required to show up at an unknown location? If your potential employer asks you to come to a job presentation at a location you find uncomfortable, you should probably ignore the invitation. He or she may even ask you to pick up something somewhere, and this is definitely a red flag, as red as it can get.Guaranteed income without investing Something that generates income and doesnt require investing time, money, or both in it, and is presented to you by a message on social media or through e-mail, should definitely be ignored.HOW TO PREVENT FROM GETTING INVOLVED?There are some precautions to take to be safe from getting involved in scams in the first place. Sometimes, especially if you are in a hard situation, it can be very hard to decline a job offer.We all need a job, but evaluating the offer before accepting it can prevent you from being caught up in an illegal scam. This seriously exposes you to financial and personal risk.It is recommended that you always research the company which gives you the offer what employees say about it (its best if you can find someone who has worked or currently works there, testimonials are the best), where is it located, how many search results it gets, w ho they work with and how their website and social media look like.In real life, its usually very easy to spot a scam if you the research. Hard and honest work is the only thing that guarantees financial stability long-term.If you encounter an offer where you can make easy money, think twice why no one else is doing it. Making a lot of money in a short period of time is why criminals begin their illegal journey, and you dont want to end up taking that road.Remember to keep your anti-virus software up to date and turned on always. This will help detect unwanted and harmful content in messages, e-mails, websites and so on.Also, never give out personal information to an unofficial source. The rule of thumb is not to download any content someone you dont know sends you it is probably malware.You should be very picky about your online payments. Dont enter sensitive information at websites which are not secure. It is common for scammers to ask for your credit card information.Be on the l ookout for messages on websites like You are the 1,000,000th visitor! Claim your prize!. When you click on such messages, they usually ask you first for your credit card information before they give you your prize. These links might also carry viruses.WHAT TO DO IF I GET INVOLVED?If you believe that you have been involved in a scam that includes money-laundering or reshipping, or that your personal information was compromised, you should immediately close credit card and bank accounts that are in danger.Report the case to the authorities and gather as much evidence as you can the conversations, their website, their contact and so on.If you yourself did something illegal in the process and you know it, seek legal counseling.Stop all contact with the scammer. Dont reply to any message or e-mail anymore and dont answer the phone. Also, its easy to block them. Dont reply even though they are promising you your money back.Some scammers pretend to be enforcement agencies and promise that they can get you your lost money back.Dont pay anything else when you get scammed, the chances of recovering the money are not good.Your bank has a policy ready on how to deal with frauds.The bank will guide you through the process of closing your account and will be there to assist you fully through this experience.If you have transferred money through another bank or service, it would be best to contact them as well and let them know what happened. After youve done all of these steps, change your passwords for accounts that have been compromised.It is best that you use a different password for all of them from now on. If any of your devices was hacked, for example a phone, a PC or a laptop, clean it.You can bring it to a technician and ask them to format it for you if you are not familiar with how to go about it.At the end of the day, learn out of this and make the most of it. Pay attention in the future if you come across a scam again so you dont fall for it twice, or more. Lear n how scammers work and how to avoid them. You will notice the resemblance in how scammers work.Lastly, talk with someone about this. Your family, partner or friends are there to support you. Even though you might feel shame in admitting that you fell victim to a scam, sharing always helps ease the burden.Not only will you feel better, but they will also learn from that story and wont fall for a scam themselves. This is why sharing this with someone is a definite win-win.FINAL THOUGHTSFalling victim to a scam of any kind, be it money-laundering, reshipping or any other kind is not a fun experience. You will feel manipulated, ashamed and gullible.Truth be told, the internet is full of people waiting to exploit you, so you need to be aware that scam offers are always there.Think twice before accepting to make easy money, you might just end up helping someone perform a criminal activity and face the consequences yourself.The web is a great place to find work online and the good news is that if your offer is from an untrustworthy source that you will probably figure it out by doing a little research about the employer or company.Hopefully, with this article, you feel more aware of what happens online.These scams can happen to you but by following this article we are sure that you will be safe from money-launderers and reshipping scammers.Its always better to be careful than to be sorry, so keep your eyes open!

The Definition Of Utilitarianism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 528 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/07/31 Category Ethics Essay Level High school Tags: Utilitarianism Essay Did you like this example? John Stuart Mill was a famous philosopher and historian. The utilitarianism was originally writing by Jeremy Bentham and later redeveloped by John Stuart Mill. The definition of Utilitarianism is an ethical theory according to which the rightness and wrongness of acts depends entirely on facts about the maximization of overall well-being. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Definition Of Utilitarianism" essay for you Create order Which also it is a commonly that on the associated with the phrase of the the greatest good for the greatest number and it is also that requires the people to act in every way that will result in the greatest of possible in the amount of the well-being. Consequence principle is the way to view the rightness and wrongness of acts depends entirely on facts about the consequences of acts. Which means that no acts are the right in and of itself and no acts are wrong in and of itself. The Mill Utilitarianism in the 1861, was to cover the explanation of utilitarian moral theory. In way to respond the criticism of the doctrine, he was not only argued in the favor of the basic principle of the Jeremy Bentham but, he was also offered an important improvement to the structure, meaning, and the application. In the John Mill based on his utilitarian, principle was one of the decisions that we make. So, he was saying that the decision should always be benefit in the most people as much as possible no matter what the consequences might be. He was assumed that the outset of everyone would agree in the consequences of the human actions that contribute an important on their moral value. Even that he is fully accepted Benthams devotion on the greatest happiness principle as the basic of the statement to the utilitarian value. As he said, actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness. By happiness is intended pleasure, and the absence of pain; by unhappiness, pain, and the privation of pleasure (Utilitarianism 2). After more than 2000 years, people still have been attempting to determine in the basis of the morality, but still people have not come any closer to the consensus. So, Mill acknowledges in the science, it is a common to have disagreement about such based or the foundations. In fact, the difference of the quality of a pleasure to be the considered as well as the difference in the quantity. So, Mill started argues that the difference of the quality is to be the measured in preferences rather than quality. As he statements, Of two pleasures, if there be one to which all or almost all who have experience of both give a decided preference, irrespective of any feeling of moral obligation to prefer it, that is the more desirable pleasure. Mill was recognizing the between in the higher and lower of the pleasures in order to respond the philosophy. However, the difference between the quality and quantity is not something new. Which Mill state himself that utilitarian writers in general have placed the superiority of mental over bodily pleasures which it seems like he rejects to the measure of the pleasure in any kind of numbers scale.

Third Party Intervention Strategies Of A Workers...

Introduction This paper overlooks the third party intervention strategies of a workers compensation case from Cook County, Illinois. Third party refers to a person or team of people who become involved in a conflict to help the disputing parties manage or resolve it. Third parties could act as consultants, helping one side or both sides analyze the conflict and plan an effective response. In dealing with court cases, the third party intervener has evidence and representations are taken whole taken as a whole as significant assistance to the court. The third party’s evidence and representations relates to matters that are necessary for the court to consider in order resolving the issues that are the subject of the stage in the†¦show more content†¦The following case involves the Plaintiff Raul Sanchez, the defendant and third party plaintiff, Rental Service Corporation and Paul’s welding Service Inc. the defendant. Raul Sanchez a construction worker was injured on the job i n September 2001, while working for Paul s Welding Service. During his shift, a scissor lift rented from Rental Service Corporation failed. Sanchez was working that day as a pusher, which is the man who pushes columns into place as steel beams overhead are also placed. When the scissor lift bumped into one of the beams, the beam went straight down and hit Sanchez. The injuries he received involved his head, neck and jaw. Sanchez filed a Workers Compensation Claim against Paul’s welding Service Inc. and was paid benefits to action of the Illinois Industrial Commission of $102,994.63 for medical expenses plus $42,024.08 for Temporary Total Disability equaling $145,018.71. This amount was paid on behalf of Paul’s welding Service Inc. from its Workers Compensation Insurance Carrier, Legion Indemnity (Legion). To complicate the case the issues is whether the employer, Paul’s Welding Service, can recover out of the third party settlement the entire amount of workers compensation benefits paid to Sanchez as its employer s lien of $265,204.71, including the $145,018.71 paid to Sanchez by Legion and the $120,186 ordered by the trial court to be paid directly to the Fund and not to PWS. Contrary to the

Macro-Scale Modeling Free Essays

In order to analyse the response of large structures with complex architecture, macro-scale modeling approaches is preferable to save computational time when running a simulation. In general, relying on classical laminate plate theory, macro-scale modelling approach are accessible in most commercial finite element codes like Abaqus and LS-DYNA. To model a structure with anisotropic properties using macro-scale approach, several material parameters in different directions are needed such as stiffness, Poisson’s ratios, strengths and damage parameters. We will write a custom essay sample on Macro-Scale Modeling or any similar topic only for you Order Now Determination of all of these parameters are either from a number of experimental tests or the results obtained from a meso-scale homogenization. Prediction of the effective properties of the material using analytical methods have been reviewed by Younes [123]. There are several disadvantages of the macro-scale modeling approach which limit its application. Basically, fiber architecture such as the undulation and intercrossing of fiber tows in the model is neglected in this approach. Hence, detailed stress and strain solution among the constituents and localized damage or failure cannot be provided. Regardless of the drawbacks, macro-scale approach can provide efficient global response for the simulation of composites with different fiber architecture. This is particularly evident when the analysed structure is relatively large. Macro-scale material parameters such as elastic and failure properties are very important in order to provide an accurate solution. Obtaining those parameter is tedious and costly since good experimental support is needed. Consequently, composite structure with less material parameters like transversely isotropic unidirectional composite laminate is favourable for macro-scale modelling. Y. Shi et al [124] have employed the macro-scale approach to predict the impact damage of composite laminates in the form of intra- and inter-laminar cracking under low velocity impact. Essential features of the model such as stress-based criteria for damage initiation, fracture mechanics techniques for damage evolution and Soutis shear stress–strain semi-empirical formula to capture nonlinear shear behaviour of the composite have been applied. A good agreement between numerical results and experimentally obtained curves of impact force and absorbed energy versus time have been achieved. Besides, the proposed damage evolution model also able to capture various damage mechanisms that occur after the impact. Macro-scale FE analysis of carbon fiber reinforced composite plate have been conducted by A. Riccio et. al [125] to predict the damage onset and evolution under low velocity impact. Both inter-lamina (delaminations) and intra-lamina failure mechanisms were predicted using the cohesive elements and Hashin’s failure criteria respectively. Moreover, to improve the accuracy of the result, a global–local technique was applied to refine the mesh in the impact zone. Comparisons between numerical and experimental results under different impact energies in terms of global impact parameters, maximum impact force, maximum impact displacement are found to be in fair agreement. D. Feng et. al [126] examined the structural response and the failure mechanisms of the composite laminates subjected to low-velocity impact using the macro-scale technique in combination with the constitutive models for intralaminar and interlaminar damage modes. The results of numerical simulations were compared with experimental data obtained by drop-weight impact testing and stereoscopic X-radiography. Both the structural impact response and the major damage mechanisms over the range of impact energies provided by the numerical FE model shown a reasonable good agreement with drop-weight impact testing data. H. Ullah et. al [127] conducted the experimental characterisation and numerical simulations on the deformation behaviour and damage in woven CFRP composite laminates under quasi-static bending. Two-dimensional macro-scale models are developed and numerical results showed that damage initiation and evolution processes in woven laminates are in agreement with experimental data. Yumin wan et. al [128] studied the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of three-dimensional (3D) braided composites subjected to compressive quasi-static and high strain rate loadings. Both meso- and macro-scale model integrated with strain rate sensitive elasto-plastic constitutive relationship and ductile and shear failure criterion were developed. Experimental data was used to verify the results obtained from both models and the results are promising. A macro-scale model of woven composite has also been developed by Xiao et. al [129] using LS-DYNA to simulate the onset and evolution of damage. Remarkably, failure mechanisms under different type of loadings including tensile, compression and shear can be predicted with this model In summary, even though the macroscale modeling approach is incapable to predict the behavior of the reinforcement, matrix or fiber-matrix interface, with its homogenization feature, it can act as an effective first level overall solution in the modeling framework especially for impact simulation of a large scale structure. Prediction of detail local failure is only applicable for micro- and meso-scale model approach. Besides, higher scale model can exploit the effective material properties obtained from both methods. To be brief, a comprehensive evaluation of material failure responses can be achieved through combination of micro-meso-macro scale approaches How to cite Macro-Scale Modeling, Papers

Brief History of Chinese American Immigration Essay Sample free essay sample

Majority of the Chinese immigrants were husbandmans. provincials. or craftmen. As a consequence of the Opium War between Britain and China ; China suffered greatly economically due to Britain get the better ofing China. Subsequently. the licking brought away non merely political agitation. but besides. internal rebellions. Chinese immigrants manus come to larn of America’s gold haste. Many dreamed of being able to rapidly derive wealth in an attempt to back up their hapless households back in China. The first immigrants who began geting from China in 1848 were males. For rather some clip really few Chinese adult females came to the United States due to the fact the Chinese adult females where physically unable to make the same work as work forces. As a consequence of the deficiency of adult females harlotry became portion of norm for many Chinese work forces. Well over 90 per centum of the immigrants f that epoch were non merely from Canton in South China but from a really few counties centered on the Pearl River Delta at that place. ( Daniels 241 ) They spoke the linguistic communication of Cantonese and journeyed to the United States by boat. Most Chinese were â€Å"sojourners† ( Takaki 129 ) . merely intended to remain for a impermanent period ; in the terminal. nevertheless. many did remain for the remainder of their lives. ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 77 ) Every Chinese who came to the United States arrived at Angel Island located in San Franscio. California. By 1868 the Burlingame Treaty was signed. This pact between China. Britain and the United States entailed that neither state province would put an cap one the figure of immigrates come ining its lodgers. Each state would be wholly unfastened and concerted with an limitless in-migration from the other state. In add-on. the pact captioned that each states citizens would be able to go into and shack freely without jobs. The pact besides maintained the United States would non concern itself with internal Chinese personal businesss. It’s through this pact the inflow of Chinese immigrants came to an all clip high. Through the pact the United States received a really cheap labour beginning. Because all Chinese immigrants arrived in San Francisco they made the metropolis place off from place and as a consequence created the United States foremost Chinatown. Chinatown was a sector in the metropolis of San Francisco in which the huge bulk of Chinese lived. Chinatown in San Francisco retained much of the Chinese civilization in China. They were overcrowded slum countries. but as such were non excessively different from other immigrant enclaves except that the comfortable urban Chinese lived at that place excessively. ( Daniels 242 ) The Chinatown bestowed many stores. organisations. and societal amusement in which the Chinese were accustom to. Chinatown was a topographic point in which many Chinese found non merely familiar. but besides safe. In 1848 the gold haste began when gold was found at John Sutter’s sawmill located in what is now California. The gilded haste drew in many people from all over the Earth. but it besides drew in Chinese every bit good. Motivated with ideas of being able to construct wealth rapidly and the ability to back up their households in China. Chinese in-migration was the new found hope for many Chinese seeking a better life. Because of the gold haste. by 1850. â€Å"32 per centum of the population of California was nonnative. † compared to approximately 10 % for the remainder of the state ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 73 ) After 1849. Chinese began by working the gilded mines of California. subsequently traveling to service work ( washs. most notably ) . but Chinese immigrants besides helped construct the railwaies. most significantly they were built-in in the edifice of the Transcontinental Railroad ( completed in 1869 ) . ( M4. W3. 2205. W2013 56 ) Chinese labourers could help with bridging San Francisco to all of the Atlantic provinces. By making so policymaker Aaron H. Palmer felt this in bend would take the commercialism of the Pacific to another degree. Chinese immigrants suffered vastly at the custodies of those who were anti-Chinese. They were discriminated against in footings of wage and forced to work under abysmal conditions. White workers viewed them as economic rivals and racial inferiors. thereby exciting the transition of prejudiced Torahs and the committee of widespread Acts of the Apostless of force against the Chinese. ( Wei ) Anti-Chinese motion embodied the spirit of hatred and bitterness of Chinese. For illustration. in 1881 sketch creative person George Frederick Keller drew the â€Å"A Statue for Our Harbor† . This sketch depicts the lampoon of the â€Å"Statue of Liberty† prior to its dedication to the United States in 1886. The creative person portrays the Statue of Liberty in the San Francisco Bay because Angel Island was the first cavity halt Chinese immigrants made upon go forthing China. The beams of visible radiation that come from the statues head reflects non merely economical. but besides societal in content. The first beam get downing from the right reads â€Å"filth† . Filth was a word frequently used to depict Chinese immigrants visual aspect and life conditions. The following beam reflects â€Å"immorality† . Immorality was used to depict Chinese due to their country’s covering with opium and there connexions to harlotry. Diseases is what is on the following beam of visible radiation. Anti Chinese sentiment was that all Chinese immigrants were disease ridden. The following beam of visible radiation labeled is ruin to followed by the beam of visible radiation labeled white and eventually labour. One at this clip can read from the writers viewpoint that Chinese were a ruin to white labour. The base in which the construction stands upon reflects a garrison affixed with cannons. The artist links the drug opium to the Chinese by picturing an opium pipe in the manus of what has been deem as the â€Å"Statue of Liberty† . This point of view was shared along with many others who were anti-Chinese. The ultimate end of the motion was merely to tease and drive out the Chinese. In the spring of 1882 the Chinese Exclusion Act was passed by Congress. The executing of this Act prohibited immigrants from freely immigrating to the United States. The Act included non merely Chinese. but all other Asians every bit good. The Chinese Exclusion Act went wholly against what the 1868 Burlingame Treaty. The new jurisprudence was an attempt to restrict Asiatics from freely coming to the United States. As a consequence of the new Act any Chinese that left the United States would hold to use for enfranchisement to reenter the United States. For those who did non go forth the state were automatically made lasting foreigners oppose to going United States citizens. This Act virtually cut off household ties to China for many of the Chinese work forces who remained in the United States. Three old ages after the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1885 a public violence broke out at Rock Springs. Wyoming mine. The public violence stemmed from the bing racial favoritism of the Chinese and the fright of occupation loss or lower rewards for the white mineworkers. Chinese mineworkers were being paid and accepted much lower rewards oppose to their white opposite numbers. White mineworkers found it difficult to vie with Chinese mineworkers willing to accept lower rewards. As a consequence. the company would engage Chinese labours alternatively of white opposite numbers. Subsequently. the racial tenseness blew up into a violent public violence between the white mineworkers and Chinese mineworkers. Many Chinese mineworkers either killed or injured. Although the public violence began in the mine it finally moved to the Chinatown country where many places of the Chinese were destroyed. Although the Rock Springs slaughter was one of the most ghastly and violent act of the anti Chinese mot ion. it was one of many illustrations of how Chinese immigrants were capable to mistreatment and favoritism. It would non be until 1943 when the Chinese Exclusion Act was lift with the Magnuson Act. The Act non merely allowed Chinese immigrates to get down migrating back to the United States on a quota bases. But it besides allowed Chinese immigrates who were already in the United States to go United States citizens. Although. favoritism against the Chinese continued they were eventually acquiring the some of the same benefits other immigrants coming to the United States were entitled to. Plants Cited Wei. William. â€Å"The Chinese-American Experience: An Introduction. † The Chinese America Experience 1857-1892.hypertext transfer protocol: //immigrants. harpweek. com/ChineseAmericans/1Introduction/BillWeiIntro. htmGeorge Frederick Keller. â€Å"A Statue for Our Harbor† The Wasp. v. 7. 1881.Wolf. Doug â€Å"M4. W3. 2205. W2013† HST 2205. Northeastern University. Week 2. Winter 2013. Takaki. Ronald. A Larger Memory: A History of our Diversity. with Voices. Boston: Little. Brown A ; Company. 1998. Print. Roger Daniels. Coming to America ( New York: HarperCollins. 2002 )

5 Step Power Plan on How to Impress in an Interview

5 Step Power Plan on How to Impress in an Interview It’s sometimes easy to get caught up in doing what we think we’re supposed to do and thinking it’s enough to get the job. We go into interviews thinking we just need to answer all of the interviewer’s questions correctly, pleasantly, and that there is nothing else to it. But that isn’t always the case. More and more hiring managers are looking to be wowed, looking for that interviewee who really stands out from the crowd. Here are 5 ways to make sure you get your interviewer’s attention right off the bat- and hold it.1. Kick off the conversation yourself.Instead of meekly following your interviewer into a room, sitting down, and waiting to be asked your first torture question, why not grab the bull by the horns? Come up with a good ice breaker or- better yet- a question relevant to the hiring manager or the job you’re applying for. Start the conversation off yourself. Your interviewer will be surprised and probably delighted. Get off t he tired script before you’re even on it.2. Turn the tables.If you do get on the script and want off again, look out for ways to turn the table. If the interviewer goes with the standard â€Å"Tell us about yourself† question, give her a few bullet points then pivot: â€Å"I hate to rattle on about myself. Can I ask you a question about your role here to make sure I’m focusing on details that are most relevant for you?†Again, you’ll need to have this question already planned out. Next thing you know, you’re interviewer will be talking again. And you’ll be getting valuable insight and scoring listening points. Plus, hopefully you’re figuring out how to come up with a way to offer yourself up as the ideal solution to the company’s problems. All while sitting back and becoming more and more comfortable in the interviewing room.3. Ask about company problem spots.This only works once you get past the by-rote HR interview type s and get to sit down with your potential supervisor. You need to figure out what the company’s biggest problem is- their pain, so to speak. Don’t diagnosis this yourself; that might come off as arrogant or insulting or presumptuous. Ask a number of excellent (and pre-prepared questions) that get your manager talking about challenges they’ve faced (couch these with compliments first, of course).  4. Learn the stakes of the problems.Once you figure out what’s ailing the company, or just your manager and her team, it’s best to figure out what the consequences of this problem are. Start asking questions around the pain points. Don’t be a bully, and don’t be too transparent in picking things apart, but do get your interviewer talking so she herself admits just how much of a problem the problem is. Get nitty gritty with details. This also helps show your interest and expertise in the workings of the job.5.  Show that you’re the one who can solve them.Now you know what your manager’s biggest problem is. And she knows that you know. She’s going to want to ask how you would solve it. Pivot again! The last thing you want to do is rattle off some strategy that they have likely already tried to no avail.Keep your brilliant solutions to yourself for the time being. Say something like, â€Å"I would certainly need to learn more first, from on the ground here.† Then go on to describe another, similar, but hopefully even bigger problem you tackled at a previous job. Set it up dramatically, make sure your interviewer knows the stakes were high, then describe just how you struck the final blow and solved the problem. She’ll be so dazzled, she’ll hardly make eye contact with the next few interviewees as she tries to imagine you slaying all of her dragon’s as well.What’s most important to remember is that you are not a sheep. You do not have to be ordinary or follow any s cripts. In fact, it’s almost always a better idea to stand out from the crowd. Be intelligent, respectful, extremely well prepared, but also your innovative, exciting self.

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter

Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter Homicide, Murder and Manslaughter By Maeve Maddox When the medical examiner on a television drama announced that a death had been ruled a homicide, I used to think homicide was the same as murder. I now know that the words are not synonymous. Homicide is the killing of a human being by another human being. The word derives from the Latin compound homicida, which combines homo (man) with the verb caedere (to kill). Depending upon circumstances, a homicide may or may not be considered murder. The variety of state and national laws makes it difficult to attach specific definitions to words that represent the different kinds of homicide. What follows is a general treatment of these terms. Murder: the deliberate and unlawful killing of a human being. In British law, no degrees of guilt are recognized in murder. US law distinguishes between â€Å"first degree† and â€Å"second degree† murder. What constitutes these degrees, however, differs from state to state. Note: Murder is a word of Germanic origin. In antiquity, when raiding and blood feuds were common, the word murder denoted a killing done in secret, as opposed to homicides done in the open with no attempt at concealment. First Degree Murder: a murder that, because of the circumstances surrounding it, deserves either capital or severe punishment. Any premeditated killing that involves planning is first degree murder. Second Degree Murder: a malicious killing that was not premeditated. This kind of murder is not planned, but results from an angry confrontation or from depraved indifference to human life. One example is that of the neighbor who goes next door merely to complain about a barking dog but finishes by killing the dog’s owner. Another example would be that of a manufacturer who discovers that a product can cause death, but fails to recall it. Felony Murder Doctrine: Any death that occurs during or results from the commission of a felony is first degree murder, and all participants in the felony can be charged with and found guilty of first degree murder, even if only one of them actually did the killing. Manslaughter: Etymologically, manslaughter is the English version of homicide. It derives from an Old English compound that combines man with the OE verb slaeht (act of killing). The Modern English verb slay is related. Unlike homicide, which refers in general to the act of one person killing another, manslaughter refers to unpremeditated killing. Voluntary Manslaughter: the act of killing in the heat of passion. The usual example of this is the man or woman who finds a spouse in bed with another partner. Note: The difference between voluntary manslaughter and second degree murder hinges upon provocation. With first degree murder, the killer came with the intention to kill. With second degree murder, the killer decided on the spot. Either way, the killing is seen as malicious. The legal encyclopedia at Nolo explains that the charge of voluntary manslaughter is â€Å"a concession to human weakness.† The killing may have been intentional, but the provocation was such that could produce a similar emotional reaction in â€Å"any reasonable person.† Involuntary Manslaughter: the act of killing someone unintentionally while engaged in a non-felony. For example, killing someone while driving recklessly is involuntary manslaughter. A burglar who, in surprise at being interrupted, fatally pushes someone down the stairs would probably be charged with involuntary manslaughter- as long as he hasn’t brought a gun to the burglary. I repeat: These descriptions are very general. Anyone in need of precise definitions must consult a lawyer and local statutes. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)The Parts of a WordHow Do You Determine Whether to Use Who or Whom?

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Essay

Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector - Essay Example More, the standards require that the identifiable intangible assets must be disclosed by means of subdividing the assets into classes with similar identifiable intangible assets being grouped together with regards to their usage and operations. Cash generating units impairment testing should be through the process of comparing the carrying amounts of identifiable intangible assets, goodwill working capital, and PPE of the cash-generating units. It is also important to note that valuation approaches during disclosure needs to be financial ratios and discounted cash flow. The company also needs to ensure that sensitivity analysis is done in case there are changes in key assumptions used during financial reporting. The importance of carrying out a sensitivity analysis to changes in key assumptions is due to the need to evaluate variations and their effects on financial reporting. Sensitivity analysis will also enable corrective actions to ensure compliance of financial reporting require ments. According to analysis of the company’s reporting practice, forecast must be corrected to be based on present value of future expected future cash flows. Forecasts on future cash flows must also be based on an established cyclic cash flow pattern. Table of Contents Introduction Identifiable Intangible Assets Impairment Testing on Cash Generating Units Calculation of Discount Rates and Growth Rates Sensitivity analysis to Key Assumption changes Financial Reporting Practice of CCA LTD Recommendations Financial Reporting Disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector Introduction Corporate companies are subject to Corporations Act, which is being promoted by ASIC reviewers to ensure compliance with financial reporting requirements. The ASIC further provides non-compliance allowance for specific requirements to corporations. Confidence of investors and integrity levels in the Australian Corporate sector is largely boosted by the ASIC activities of monitoring corporationâ₠¬â„¢s compliance to financial reporting requirements. Users of financial reporting and auditing information are able to make informed decisions about the reliability and relevance of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. There is need for Coca Cola Amatil LTD to ensure that their financial reporting standards adhere to the professional and legal requirements of the corporations act. The objective of these financial reporting disclosures report is to ensure that Coca Cola Amatil LTD adheres to corporate Act’s requirements of financial reporting disclosures in the Australian Corporate Sector. Identifiable Intangible Assets The corporate act specifies reporting standards that must be adhered to when disclosing information regarding identifiable intangible assets such as names of brands, relationship with customers and written off intangible assets of Coca Cola Amatil LTD. The company should disclose identifiable intangible assets that would have bee n recognized during business formation or combinations and research and development assets. These intangible assets do not include assets that are recognized through contract basis or any other means that is legal. During financial reporti

Better Asphalt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Better Asphalt - Essay Example Several major research projects have taken place and are currently in progress. The National Cooperative Highway Research Program has a major study currently underway to evaluate skid resistance. The study is not yet complete, but it does show promise in offering improvements in skid resistance through the use of finer grade aggregates. However, due to the fine grade of the aggregate, water may be slow to run off and create a wet condition hazard. Friction is created where the rubber meets the road. The composition of the open coarse grade and its components are a first consideration. The microtexture, the fine aggregate in an asphalt mixture, is most influential force creating the necessary surface friction between the pavement surface and automobile tires (Williams). Over time, the surface wears away and exposes the coarse aggregate. Coarse aggregate size becomes a major consideration on the surface to improve skid resistance. Recent tests in the United Kingdom has indicated that 6 to 10 mm chips at a 1.4 mm depth offered improved skid resistance at high speeds (United States Department of Transportation).

Muslim Response to the Crusades

Muslim Response to the Crusades Why did it take so long to develop a  concerted Muslim response to the Crusades? TABLE OF CONTENTS (JUMP TO) Introduction Islamic Expansion and Rule Growing Discontent in the West The Crusades Conclusion Bibliography Introduction In terms of history, the actual start and reasons for the Crusades varies slightly based upon the sources being accessed as well as the point of view from which this recalling of history is based. In understanding the Crusades it is necessary to be aware that the term is broad in that it encompasses pagan Slavs, Mongols, political enemies of the Pope, Cathars, Hussites, and other groups in addition to Muslims (Riley-Smith, 1999, pp. 231-232). For the purpose of the subject of this study, which asks the question as to â€Å"Why did it take so long to develop a concerted Muslim response to the Crusades†, the Muslims will of course represent the focus. In order to set as well as understand the context, the Muslim presence in the Holy Land started with the conquest of Palestine by the Arabs during the seventh century (Boas, 2001. p. 41). For clarity, the Holy Land is referred to as a region in Palestine where the most significant Biblical events took place, with the crucifixion of Jesus Christ being the most noteworthy (Dubois and Brandt, 1956, p. 35). The Crusades are commonly thought of as a call to rescue Palestine from Moslem hands (Dubois and Brandt, 1956, p. 35), however this study will bring forth information that reveals that while the foregoing is true, it is not entirely accurate. The first effort by the West to accomplish the preceding did not occur until 1095, when Pope Urban 11 assembled a meeting of churchmen in Clemont, France as a response to messages from Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus for help (Somerville and Kuttner, 1996, p. 156) ¡. The preceding indicates that three centuries passed before the Western worl d began the marshalling of a response to the Arab conquest of Palestine. The obvious question, and one that is the purpose of this study, is what transpired during three centuries that did not prompt a Crusade response? This study shall seek to look at the events before that occupation to have a grasp of the situation in the region that preceded the Arab conquest, along with the political events for that time period as well as after. The foregoing shall be looked at to ascertain what transpired that could cause such a delay in responding to the Muslims. In understanding the religious significance of Palestine one needs to be cognizant that it was the birth place of many important prophets, such as Abraham, Lot, Solomon, Moses, and Jesus Christ (Huntington, 1911, pp. 15 – 17). The first known, or recorded inhabitants of Palestine were known as Canaanites, who were believed to have occupied the region around 300 BC (Paton, 1901, p. 98). Egypt and its Pharaohs next controlled the area through conquest for the next millennium, which successively changed to being controlled by the Hebrews from Mesopotamia, and then the Philistines, who called the country Philistia, from where it obtained its modern name (Paton, 1901, p. 189). The Philistines controlled the Canaanite town named Jerusalem and vast areas, but not the entire country, a feat they finally accomplished around 1050 BC when they defeated the Israelites (Paton, 1901, p. 201). The quest for control of the Holy Land was far from over as the Prophet Dawood, who was Israel†™s King, managed to defeat the Philistines in 995 BC, with the three different groups, the Canaanites, the Philistines, and the Israelites who all eventually assimilated over decades of living among each other (Morgan, 1958, p. 344). The foregoing unity that was established by the Hebrew tribes that called themselves the Israelites enabled them to unify the land, and establish a capital at Jerusalem (Morgan, 1958, p. 356). The religious significance â€Å"†¦for the Jews, the Christians and the Moslems †¦Ã¢â‚¬  marks the violent history of Palestine, which all these groups claimed as their Holy Land, thus setting the context for the Crusades (Popper, 1938, p. 7). Palestine continued to suffer a secession of conquests, first by Alexander the Great in 332 BC, then by the Romans who entered Jerusalem in 4 BC (Gabriel, 2003, pp. 24-36). The Roman emperor Constantine reversed the long standing persecution of Christians by the Roman Empire and legalized the religion in 313 AD thus making the Holy Land the center of pilgrimages (Pohlsander, 2004, pp. 27-35). The Byzantine rule has harsh on Jews, who could not enter Jerusalem as well as persecuting Christians that did not follow their chosen sect (Vasiliev and Ragozin, 1928, p. 271). Menashi (2004) tells us that when the Muslims conquered Palestine in the seventh century, with that event ending centuries of colonial rule by the Romans as well as religious persecution and instability. Muslim rule brought a period of safety, peace and security to a population that had suffered through many different persecutions (Menashi, 2004). Kedourie (1992, p. 12) in confirming the preceding states â€Å"Arab Muslim rulers . . . transformed an unsophisticated tribal polity into one of the most sophisticated and durable kinds of rule, that of oriental despotism, the methods and traditions of which have survived in the Muslim world to the present day†. The Muslim conquest of Palestine started a 1300-year reign that continues to this day, with the exception of the period of the Crusades. The preceding historical journey concerning the history of Palestine was conducted to provide an over view of the country and its series of conquests as well as the multi cultural religious connotations attached to Jerusalem to aid in the understanding of the region. Islamic Expansion and Rule To understand the Crusades, one must be aware of the history of Islamic rule and conquest that led to the occupation of Jerusalem. Islamic expansion started with the Prophet Mohammad that was viewed in the West as aggression, but in Islam the spread of the religion by means of war represented eliminating â€Å"†¦injustice and oppression of humanity† (understanding-islam.com, 2008). Kelsay and Johnson (1991, p. 37) tell us â€Å"The Islamic conception of legitimate war (Jihad) once it is systematically developed, is specifically tied to the idea of the unity of the Islamic state against all other non-Islamic states and the legitimacy of the caliph or imam as the single ruler of this Islamic state†. A Jihad represents an Islamic â€Å"†¦ holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels† (answers.com, 2009) with infidels defined as â€Å"†¦ an unbeliever with respect to a particular religion† (Merriam-Webster Online, 2009). The unifying efforts of Islam represented its expansion to reclaim lands occupied by infidels, which the West saw as expansionism when in fact the Muslims were taking back territory lost to Greek and Roman conquests. The Islamic culture under and after the Prophet Mohammad quickly spread from what is now known as Saudi Arabia, which in 618 BC included the Jews as allies in taking back the Middle East Region from the Byzantine Empire (Diehl and Ives, 1925, p. 121). When the Arabs captured Jerusalem, the Holy Land, they slaughtered the Christians and allowed the Jews back in (Diehl and Ives, 1925, p. 123). However, this was an Islamic city, and although the Jews were allowed to live there, which was forbidden ender Byzantine rule; they were still discriminated against severely as well as being highly regulated in property ownership, and worship (Diehl and Ives, 1925, p. 123). Christians under Muslim rule were treated as second-class citizens, and were required to worship in specific lo cations, and limited in areas they could travel (Diehl and Ives, 1925, p. 1293). The Islamic Jihad, and the successes of the Muslim armies in winning back land came at the expense of the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire. The foregoing irked the West, but it was the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1009 by Fatimid Caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah that set events in motion for the beginning formation of the Crusades (Pohlsander, 2004, p. 54). The preceding was a slow building event as the church as rebuilt by his successor, for which he was paid huge sums to enable this to be done. After the church was finished in 1043, pilgrimages were again allowed into the Holy Land, thus easing tensions, but with this came events whereby those coming to visit the new church were sometimes captured, along with members of the clergy at times being killed (Pohlsander, 2004, p. 65). Economics resulted in sanity as the Muslims came to understand that a good percentage of the wealth pouring into Jerusalem came primarily from Christians making pilgrimages, thus prompting them to stop persecutions, however this proved to be too little too late as the reputation had spread (Pohlsander, 2004, p. 65). The Arab conquests in reclaiming land lost to the West continued throughout this period, causing the Byzantine Empire to shrink under the waves of attacks from Muslims (Baynes, 1926, pp. 33.34). The Seljuk Turks inflicted most of the damage, and they had been recruited by the Arabs as mercenaries to strengthen the weakened power of the Caliph (Yale, 1958, p. 10). Their tactics closely resembled those as used by the Huns, however their methods were intensified as a result of their zeal for the Islamic religion (Yale, 1958, p. 10). The Seljuk Turks quickly become the masters of both Eastern as well as Central Asia Minor â€Å"†¦where they organized a Moslem Turkish st ate which marked the beginning of the extension of Islamic culture to the northern part of the Near East† (Yale, 1958, p. 12). â€Å"Threatened by the expansion of Turkish Moslem power to the west, the Byzantine Emperor †¦ appealed to Pope Urban II in 1094 for military aid from the West against the †¦ Turks† (Yale, 1958, p. 12). Growing Discontent in the West The weaknesses in the Byzantine Empire, and among the Islamic Caliphs, saw the Seljuk Turks increase in strength as well as control and power, with their brutal tactics causing concern throughout the region (Yale, 1958, p. 12). During this time, conditions in Europe changed as bankers and merchants sought to expand their economic horizons to Asia Minor (Yale, 1958, p. 12). The preceding view was brought forth by the lessening monetary opportunities in Europe where the economic foundations remained as basically a feudal system (Yale, 1958, p. 12). The foundation of power and wealth meant that the agriculture production was very limited, falling short of what was needed to supply the increasingly larger cities and towns, whose industry as well as commerce were not developed to any degree (Yale, 1958, p. 12). The economics of the times fed political unrest, along with social discontent â€Å"†¦among the nobles, the peasants, and the townsmen† (Yale, 1958, p. 12). The combina tion of economic limitations and the growing political climate forged an atmosphere whereby the â€Å"†¦psychological forces, aroused by the rivalry between Mohammedanism and Christianity, supplied the emotional and ideological drive for the Crusades† (Yale, 1958, p. 12). The message of Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus to Pope Urban 11 in 1095 asking for help for his crumbling empire in 1095 resulted in the start of the Crusades (Somerville and Kuttner, 1996, p. 156). The message of appeal was answered resoundingly, thus marking the beginning of the Crusades which was not a call to arms to regain the Holy Land from the Arabs, who had held it for three centuries with no armed response from the West, but rather as a defensive war to halt the incursions of the Arabs that were crumbling the remains of the Byzantine Empire (Madden, 2002). The foundation for the preceding rested in the Arab mission (Jihad) to reclaim their lands, with the inner workings of their empire being peaceful, successful, and enlightened (Madden, 2002) The brutal start of their Jihad softened internally, thus rule inside the recaptured territories was peaceful. But, as Madden (2002) advises, â€Å"While Muslims can be peaceful, Islam was born in war and grew the same way†, with the Islamic expansion fueled by the sword. There is an interesting as well as important understanding concerning Islam that explains the foregoing seeming contrasts. â€Å"Muslim thought divides the world into two spheres, the Abode of Islam and the Abode of War† (Madden, 2002). Thus, Jews and Christians â€Å"†¦can be tolerated within a Muslim state under Muslim rule†, however under traditional Islam â€Å"Christian and Jewish states must be destroyed and their lands conquered† (Madden, 2002). Thus, the regaining of the Holy Land was not enough, and this fueled the response from to Pope Urban 11 in 1095. The Crusades The success of the Islamic conquests, as opposed to their capturing the Holy Lands, looms as the reason for Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus’ plea to Pope Urban 11. While the response to the call to arms was tremendous, the mounting of any actual response represented another matter. Conducting a crusade was not an inexpensive manner. It called for armor, swords, provisions, men, horses and leaders, commodities that could not be marshaled overnight. The idea of standing armies, which is a modern day concept, did not exist then. The feudal system that was in place at the time consisted of the King, who owned all of the land and parceled out segments to his supporters who pledged their loyalty to him (Lamonte, 1949, p. 119). This left the nobles, barons as well as bishops who in return for their holdings provided the king with a determined number of knights and money, advice and locations to stay while traveling (Lamonte, 1949, p. 119). A further division in this system provide d for the lords who in return for the king’s favour provided a knight to the king, and were supplied manors to oversee their parcels of land that were divided among villeins who worked the land for the lord, as well as serfs who had no possessions and simply worked to survive (Lamonte, 1949, p. 119). The preceding provides the basic structure of the feudal system that in essence rested on the villeins and serfs to derive wealth from the land to support the lord, and noblemen, who all in turn contributed to the king (Lamonte, 1949, p. 119). In order to raise an army, the nobles and lords had to marshal their own resources, along with the king, and contribute their own personal wealth to the venture, a sizeable undertaking. The Crusades were not a campaign whereby the Kings and nobles would receive wealth from participating, although there was wealth to be had, it represented a war to stem the tide of Islamic advance, with the Holy Lands as the eventual prize. Historically, the preceding holds up under scrutiny, as few kings and or nobles profited from the Crusades (Strayer, 1955, p. 160). Thus, after the decision come to the aid of Byzantine Emperor Alexius Comnenus, the first Crusade began in 1095 (Chazan, 1996, p. 107). This first Crusade was ill fated as the Western army was no t prepared and employed a poorly equipped, organised and led rabble of men that was headed by Peter the Hermit and Walter the Penniless (Chazan, 1996, pp. 18-21). The second army was organised and successfully captured Jerusalem in 1999, with different armies departing from different locales, owing to the manner in which the indicated feudal system works, and the difficulties in massing a concerned army and staging points as is the case in modern warfare (Chazan, 1996, p. 67-69). Conclusion This study has set out to examine the various factors involved with the Crusades, delving deeper than traditional historical accounts to uncover the factors involved. In equating as to why the response to the Muslim takeover of the Holy Lands took so long, there are two parts to that query. One is represented by the three centuries from the Muslim conquest of the Holy Land in the 7th century, to Pope Urban II plea from the Byzantine Emperor, with the other represented by the time it took to marshal forces under the feudal system to mount campaigns. The traditional view that most individuals have of the Crusades differs from the historical account shown herein, with the noteworthy fact that the Holy land represented and still does represent an important religious site for Arabs, Jews and Christians. The fact that the conquest of the Byzantine hold on the Holy Lands by the Muslims still permitted, although it was limited, pilgrimages by Jews and Christians, the West did not engage in retaking the land. This is important as the trumpeted call to recapture the Holy Lands in 1095 was in fact in response to a crumbling empire, as opposed to retaking the city itself, which however was held out as the torch to marshal the masses. The second aspect of the Crusades, in terms of massing a response, had to do with the feudal system in place in Europe, and the complexities in organizing troops. The event was piecemeal at first, taking three years to bring together an effective force that eventually conquered the Holy land in 1099, fully five years after the Byzantine plea. Evidence of the futility of efforts is presented by the following account of the siege at Damascus in 1148 where Forey (1984) counters the claim that there was a payment made to end the siege, thus resulting in its failure. He states that military failure represented the cause (Forey, 1984). The importance of the preceding is that the siege at Damascus represented a significant event in that the massive collection of men, estimated as 50,000, that participated in a four day siege in 1148 concluded in a decisive defeat that effectively ended the Second Crusade (Gabrieli, 1989, p. 56-59). Hillenbrand (1999, p. xlviii) tells us that the popular ver sions of the Crusades indicated Muslim victories occurred as a result of superior armies pitted against much smaller Crusader forces that had been further weakened by disease, or some other woe. He adds that almost all Muslim accomplishments are dismissed, demeaned, and or suppressed (Hillenbrand, 1999, p. xlviii). In providing evidence for his analysis, Hillenbrand (1999, p. xlviii) tells us about the 1260 Muslim victory at Ain Jalut 1999, p. xlviii), ‘On 19 February 1258: the Mongols sacked Baghdad and killed the Abbasid Caliph, and on 3 September 1260, at the Battle of Ayn Jalut, the Mamluks defeated a depleted Mongol army.’ The point being raised is that in many instances, if not most, our vision and understanding of the Crusades have been distorted by what we have been taught as well as romantic accounts as brought forth in movies and other media. The Arabs were a formidable foe, whose religion provided a basis for expanding their territory, and the recapture of land taken by the Greeks, and then the Romans. The limited wealth that the Holy Land generated did not make it a priority for Medieval Europe as it was for the Greeks and Romans, thus the Arab conquest in the seventh century was not viewed as a cause for a response. When the Byzantine Empire was under danger of collapse that represented a rallying point under religious reasons for the Crusades, which cannot be viewed as or called a triumph. The West’s response was slow due to their economic system and diversity under the rule of Kings, whereas the Arab world was united under their religion. In hindsight, the later proved to be the more valuable foundation. Bibliography answers.com (2009) jihad. Retrieved on 12 January 2009 from http://www.answers.com/topic/jihad Baynes, N. (1925) The Byzantine Empire. Henry Holt Publishers. New York, New York, United States Boas, A. (2001) Jerusalem in the Time of the Crusades: Society, Landscape, and Art in the Holy City under Frankish Rule. Routledge, London, United Kingdom Chazan, R. (1996) In the Year 1096: The First Crusade and the Jews. Jewish Publication Society. Philadelphia, PA, United States Diehl, C., Ives. G. (1925) History of the Byzantine Empire. Princeton University Press. Princeton, N.J., United States Dubois, P., Brandt, W. (1956. The Recovery of the Holy Land. Columbia University Press. New York, New York, United States Forey, A. (1984) The failure of the siege at Damascus 1148. Vol. 10. Journal of Medieval History Gabriel, R. (2003) The Military History of Ancient Israel. Praeger Publishers. Westport, CT., United States Gabrieli, F. (1989) Arab Historians of the Crusades. Doset Press. New York, New York, United States Hillenbrand, C. (1999) The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives. Edinburgh University Press. Edinburgh, United Kingdom Huntington, E. (1911) Palestine and Its Transformation. Houghton Mifflin, Boston, MA, United States Kedourie, E. (1992) Politics in the Middle East. Oxford University Press. Oxford, United Kingdom Kelsay, J., Johnson (1991) Just War and Jihad: Historical and Theoretical Perspectives on War and Peace in Western and Islamic Traditions. Greenwood Press. New York, New York, United States Lamonte, J. (1949) The World of the Middle Ages: A Reorientation of Medieval History. Appleton, Century and Crofts. New York, New York, United States Madden, 2002) The Real History of the Crusades. Retrieved on 13 January 2009 from http://www.thearma.org/essays/Crusades.htm Menashi, S. (2004) Conflicts Religious and Secular. Vol. 126. Policy Review. Hoover Institution Merriam-Webster Online (2009) infidel. Retrieved on 12 January 2009 from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/infidel Morgan, K. (1958) Islam- The Straight Path: Islam Interpreted by Muslims. Ronald Press. New York, New York, United States Paton, L. (1901) The Early History of Syria and Palestine. Charles Scribner and Sons. New York, New York, United States Pohlsander, H. (2004) The Emperor Constantine. Routledge. London, United Kingdom Popper, D. (1938) The Puzzle of Palestine. Foreign Policy Association. New York, New York, United States Riley-Smith, J. (1999) The Oxford History of the Crusades. Oxford University. London, United Kingdom Somerville, R., Kuttner, S. (1996) Pope Urban II, the Collectio Britannica and the Council of Melfi (1089). Clarendon Press, London, United Kingdom. understanding-islam.com (2008) The Initial Spread of Islam and the Law of Jihad. Retrieved on 11 January 2009 from http://www.understanding-islam.com/ri/mi-093.htm Vasiliev, A., Ragozin, S. (1928) History of the Byzantine Empire: From Constantine the Great to the Epoch of the Crusades Vol. 1. University of Wisconsin. Madison, WI, United States Yale, W. (1958) The Near East: A Modern History. University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor Michigan, United States

Travel and Tourism Unit 7 P4

P4) Review factors that have contributed to one declining destination (Cyprus) and one developing (Greece) in the European travel market. Developing destination: Greece Greece is also known as Hellenic Republic, the first country in Europe to advance civilization, Greece is one of the most visited country in Europe locate in southern Europe near Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria, and Rep. Macedonia. Greece is the home of the Olympic Game; Olympic game is popular in Greece, also across the world.People love to travel there because of the sport facilities; in 2004 Greece hosted the EUFA Euro 2004, and people love to go there because of the sport events. Greece is a country full of culture and tradition. This is Acropolis of Athens built in 6th century BC; Acropolis is the most visited building in Greece; people love to visit this building because it tells the all story of the beginning of Civilization in Europe, according the local newspaper Kathimerine, most of the visitors who visited the Ac ropolis in 2007 were students in majority.To visit the building cost 12/6 euro per person according creteTrave. com. This is Aegean Sea locate between Greece and Turkey. Aegean Sea is one of the natural feature most visited in Greece, millions of tourists visited the sea last year. People love to visit Aegean Sea because of the sea temperature, in summer the sea temperature goes up to 21 °- 26 °c sometime even 30 °c, in winter is 10 °- 18 °c. Rage of accommodation in Greece, Greek accommodation has the European standard starting from 3 to 5*, Greek accommodation is considered has the best in southern-east Europe.Acropolis Museum Boutique Hole is one of the best hotel in Athens locate in the heart of Athens. People love to visit Athens because of the hotel prices short break costs â‚ ¬32. 00, family room costs â‚ ¬280, single â‚ ¬57 and double room costs â‚ ¬65. For example 11 night costs â‚ ¬173. 89. I think that’s why people love to visit Athens. Thi s is Greece’s climate: Greece has Mediterranean weather which means 10 °c in winter and summer 22 °c, the weather also play a significant role in Greece.Greece is a country with the best accessibility that we can compare to other country in west Europe. According to British Airways a fly to Athens costs ? 65. 50 duration of the flight is 3h 40’. Greece does appeal to everyone mid-class, high-class can visit Greece; it costs less than inbound in the UK according to Travelweekly. com, Greece is the heart of European civilization, 99. 9% believe Greece is a place to visit, and study.Greece is the home of rest with its histories and beautiful weather of Mediterranean, a country which inspired the rest of European country to develop. Declining destination: Cyprus There has been a major decline in the travel and tourism sector in Cyprus. A 2. 4% overall decrease in arrivals were recorded last month compared to the same month in 2009 and a decrease of 10. 2% was recorded in arrivals from the UK for the year – suggesting that Cyprus is beginning to become a less popular holiday destination for the British; one of Cyprus' main markets.It is though that this decrease is due to a combination of redevelopment of other Mediterranean holiday destinations and increasing trust in budget airlines. For example, Greece has reported an 8. 4% increase in arrivals in 2010 compared to the same period in 2009. Budget airlines such as easy jet and Ryan air also do not fly to Cyprus and have made nearby locations a more attractive offer, which in combination with the credit crunch has significantly impacted peoples buying decisions. Negative †¢Expensive †¢Poor quality †¢Downmarket †¢Positive †¢Weather †¢Sea †¢Countryside †¢English speaking †¢Weddings †¢Major tour operators seeking to increase their share of revenue †¢Trend to all inclusive will reduce revenue in Cyprus and damage tertiary businesses One in three UK holidaymakers uses Tripadvisor for information. Of those, one third change their plans as a result †¢Tripadvisor consistent Cyprus themes: †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœExpensive’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœRip off’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœScams’ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœGhost town’

Human Resources Current Issues Involve

Human Resources current issues involve various aspects of the HR function and activities. Let us look at some of these. There are several writers who believe that we need to do some rethinking on strategic HR. One other issue raised is the necessity to do a rethinking on â€Å"strategic recruitment. † There is much talk about strategic Human Resource management. But surveys had shown that there is not much evidence that its implementation is widespread. It also varies from country to country. The role of human resources is changing as the result of globalization, rapid technological development and progress, and changes in stakeholders' expectation, among many. Skill in managing global human resources is fast becoming one of the emerging human resources current issues. Workers migration and expatriate employees pose problematic issues. These require organizations to formulate an appropriate international Human Resource management policy. Many organizations are yet to recognize the need to do this. Another issue, namely, the continued use of job description is criticized. Some argue it is no longer relevant. Another matter that needs attention is the increased presence of Female employees. Female workers are now competing for jobs that are formerly the domain of male employees. Still another issue that calls for attention is employee behavior. It is becoming harder to terminate or dismiss even difficult and under-performing employees. What more, even the use of strategies in the implementation of human resource management has been questioned as being anti-union and manipulative. Training continues as on-going concerns of organizations. But they are not the only parties concerned with training. It has become a national issue in many countries. The CEO Employment contract is coming under increasing scrutiny. Among the questions raised are whether the performance of CEOs merits the kind of pay they are receiving, and whether they should go if their achievement is not up to the board's expectation. Apart from all these issues which do not fail to surface from time to time, human resource diversity is fast becoming an important human resources current issue. The Knowledge Organization Change your organization's plans in response to changes in the business environment. Ways to managing human resources must also change in line with changes in your business plan. To do this, you need information on what brought about the current state of things. You need ideas and knowledge on how the HR function can respond effectively to the new situation. Proponents and practitioners of human resource management usually provide ideas which can give new insights. Be alert to new books on HR management and human resources articles on Human Resources current issues. One way of ensuring you do not miss new information is to become a knowledge organization. Here, every one of your employees is encouraged to educate themselves and to widen their knowledge. HR current issues will update your HR people information. Managing People, Performance and Risk Effective management of employees is important. Doing this motivates employees to do their respective job well. Employees become more focused and will want to continue working for your organization. Manage your employee's performance well by aligning what they do to the achievement of your business objectives. Identify the risks related to your human resource. For example, what are the risks if your good employees leave. Or what will happen if your people are not achieving their defined objectives. What steps can you take to reduce or minimize the risks involved? What can you do to prevent any of the risks from recurring? Risk is one of the human resources current issues that your organization must manage and control. This is especially true during economic downturn or when organizations are undergoing a difficult phase. HR Planning To meet all the challenges posed by Human Resources current issues, you need an HR plan. Such a plan needs to determine the possible trend of HR. Under such a plan, you can improve people's readiness by way of human resource training and development plans under strategic human resource development.

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